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Process : Prototyping

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Process definition

The “Prototyping” process allow the solution to be presented in the form of a physical element

Process Elements

Stakholders Input Output Technologies Skills Decisions

Involved stakeholders

stakeholder	Activity	Task	Partner
Manufacturer	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	AIMEN
Smartification specialists, hardware specialists	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	UNINOVA
Designer	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	Université de Lorraine
3D printing Technical staff	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	Université de Lorraine
Designer, Manufacturer	Make technical tests	Inspect the resulting prototype	AIMEN
Smartification specialists, hardware specialists	Make technical tests	Inspect the resulting prototype	UNINOVA
Designer	Make technical tests	Inspect the resulting prototype	Université de Lorraine
User/Consumer/Customer	Make technical tests	Inspect the resulting prototype	Université de Lorraine
Designer, Manufacturer	Make technical tests	Determine corrective actions	AIMEN
Smartification specialists, hardware specialists	Make technical tests	Determine corrective actions	UNINOVA
3D printing Technical staff	Make technical tests	Determine corrective actions	Université de Lorraine

Input

Input	Activity	Task	Partner
Design, material specifications	Implement the prototype	Select materials	AIMEN
Design, materials reference, path planning	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	AIMEN
Devices/hardware to be used in the prototype implementation; constrains to be used in the smartification process (from "Identify designing constraints")	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	UNINOVA
Definition of the purpose of the prototype	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	Université de Lorraine
CAD Model,	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	Université de Lorraine
Usable recycled material	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	Université de Lorraine
Physical piece	Make technical tests	Inspect the resulting prototype	AIMEN
Functional prototype	Make technical tests	Inspect the resulting prototype	UNINOVA
Printed part, Original technical requirements	Make technical tests	Inspect the resulting prototype	Université de Lorraine
List of defects	Make technical tests	Determine corrective actions	AIMEN
Tests results	Make technical tests	Determine corrective actions	UNINOVA
CAD Model,	Make technical tests	Determine corrective actions	Université de Lorraine
(Same or New) waste feedstock available	Make technical tests	Determine corrective actions	Université de Lorraine

Output

Output	Activity	Task	Partner
Set of the chosen hardware characteristics (e.g.: dimensioins, protocols, features, etc...)	Implement the prototype	Select materials	UNINOVA
Functional prototype	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	UNINOVA
Printed / Injected part	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	Université de Lorraine
Technical information the printed part (Dimensions, Type material)	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	Université de Lorraine
List of defects	Make technical tests	Inspect the resulting prototype	AIMEN
Tests results	Make technical tests	Inspect the resulting prototype	UNINOVA
Technical results	Make technical tests	Inspect the resulting prototype	Université de Lorraine
Evaluation output	Make technical tests	Inspect the resulting prototype	Université de Lorraine
Desicion on acceptance or not of the part	Make technical tests	Inspect the resulting prototype	Université de Lorraine
List of corrective actions (surface treatment, machining, etc.)	Make technical tests	Determine corrective actions	AIMEN
Formalization of corrective actions and re-iteration of the prototype launch	Make technical tests	Determine corrective actions	UNINOVA
New printed part	Make technical tests	Determine corrective actions	Université de Lorraine
Additives to improve material's quality	Make technical tests	Determine corrective actions	Université de Lorraine

Technologies

Technology/Equipment	Technology's maturity	Activity	Task	Partner
FDM (Fusion Deposition Modelling) / Large format wood 3D printing (robotized FDM multi-extruder printing head)	Emerging	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	AIMEN
Prototyping test bench-top; software repositories	Mature	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	UNINOVA
3D printer	Emerging	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	Université de Lorraine
Manual Injection machine	Emerging	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	Université de Lorraine
Visual inspection, NDI techniques, destructive testing	Mature	Make technical tests	Inspect the resulting prototype	AIMEN
Online survey/chat with specialist	None	Make technical tests	Inspect the resulting prototype	UNINOVA
Objective evaluation (e.g structural tests as mechanical properties)	Mature	Make technical tests	Inspect the resulting prototype	Université de Lorraine
Subjective evaluation (e.g. user acceptability)	Mature	Make technical tests	Inspect the resulting prototype	Université de Lorraine
Machining, surface treatments	Mature	Make technical tests	Determine corrective actions	AIMEN
Prototyping test bench-top; software repositories	Mature	Make technical tests	Determine corrective actions	UNINOVA
3D Printer / Injection moulding	Emerging	Make technical tests	Determine corrective actions	Université de Lorraine

Skills

Skills	Skills' maturity	Activity	Task	Partner
Robotics, 3D printing, materials engineering	Emerging	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	AIMEN
Expert	Mature	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	UNINOVA
Design for Additive Manufacturing	Emerging	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	Université de Lorraine
Injection moulding design	Emerging	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	Université de Lorraine
Materials engineering	Mature	Make technical tests	Inspect the resulting prototype	AIMEN
Expert	Mature	Make technical tests	Inspect the resulting prototype	UNINOVA
Realization of protocols test	Mature	Make technical tests	Inspect the resulting prototype	Université de Lorraine
Expert	Mature	Make technical tests	Determine corrective actions	UNINOVA
Design for Additive Manufacturing	Emerging	Make technical tests	Determine corrective actions	Université de Lorraine
Injection moulding design	Emerging	Make technical tests	Determine corrective actions	Université de Lorraine

Decisions

Decisions	Activity	Task	Partner
The design is printed according to specifications	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	AIMEN
The expert assembles the device hardware	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	UNINOVA
Identification of the operational conditions for each printable material	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	Université de Lorraine
Modelling in CAD	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	Université de Lorraine
3D printing Chain (Slicing conditions)	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	Université de Lorraine
Reparability of the machine	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	Université de Lorraine
Post-processing operations	Implement the prototype	Launch the prototype elaboration	Université de Lorraine
The manufacturer and the designer will inspect the piece to detect possible defects in the manufacturing process and/or inherited from the design phase	Make technical tests	Inspect the resulting prototype	AIMEN
Tests of the functions and operations of the functional prototype	Make technical tests	Inspect the resulting prototype	UNINOVA
Machine operations	Make technical tests	Inspect the resulting prototype	Université de Lorraine
Communication / reporting of results	Make technical tests	Inspect the resulting prototype	Université de Lorraine
Analysis of failures	Make technical tests	Inspect the resulting prototype	Université de Lorraine
Given the list of defects, the manufacturer and the designer will apply the corrective actions needed for the manufacturing process and/or the design (to built again the prototype), or corrective actions when defects are minor and prototype is still functional)	Make technical tests	Determine corrective actions	AIMEN
If the tests results fail to meet the designed constraints then the failure report is used to improve and re-iterate the prototyping elaboration and/or modeling. Depending on the type of the detected failure (conceptual, functional, or implementation (from SW developed	Make technical tests	Determine corrective actions	UNINOVA
Redesign component by form, material or process	Make technical tests	Determine corrective actions	Université de Lorraine